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Answer :
The theories that examine how education serves to reproduce social inequalities and reinforce the system of social stratification are the conflict theory and the reproduction theory.
What is the Conflict Theory?
The conflict theory holds that the distribution of education and the existing social order in a society reflect the interests of the dominant group. The social system is characterized by a power struggle between the powerful, who exploit the powerless by controlling the resources and creating social structures that make it difficult for the powerless to challenge them. The conflict theory suggests that the education system benefits the wealthy and powerful while neglecting the poor and powerless by teaching a curriculum that reinforces the dominant values, norms, and attitudes that maintain the social order.
What is the Reproduction Theory?
The reproduction theory emphasizes the role of education in preserving existing social class structures. The social class into which one is born determines one's destiny in life, according to this theory. Educational achievement is based on one's social background, which reinforces social stratification. The reproduction theory argues that the education system benefits the privileged class while neglecting the less fortunate. The schools are accused of teaching the ideology of the ruling class, with the intent of creating a culture that reinforces the existing social class structure, in this theory.
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