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If researchers measure something and determine that it is valid, this means:

A) The measurement is consistent and reproducible.
B) The measurement accurately assesses what it intends to measure.
C) The measurement yields similar results across different conditions.
D) The measurement is precise and free from errors.

Answer :

Final answer:

A measurement deemed valid means it accurately reflects what it's meant to measure, while reliability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of results. Validity and reliability are critical in ensuring the meaningfulness and consistency of a measurement instrument, respectively.

Explanation:

When researchers determine that a measurement is valid, this means that the measurement accurately assesses what it intends to measure. Validation involves ensuring that the tool or instrument used for measurement truly reflects the concept that it's supposed to measure, which can be challenging and often debated among researchers. On the other hand, reliability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of the measurement, meaning the ability to yield similar results under consistent conditions. It's crucial to highlight that a reliable measurement may still not be valid if it doesn't measure the intended concept accurately.

For instance, an IQ test may consistently produce similar results for an individual (reliability), but there is a debate on whether it validly measures the person's intelligence or not (validity). A valid measure must be meaningful and truly reflect the intended construct. In a scientific context, measurements need to be both precise and accurate, where precision is related to how close repeated measurements are to each other, and accuracy how close they are to the true value.

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