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Which of the following statements is untrue about case-control studies?

A. They are a type of longitudinal design.
B. They can examine many potential exposures.
C. Exposure levels may be difficult to quantify precisely.
D. The measure of association is the odds ratio.
E. Exposure to a factor is determined retrospectively.

Answer :

Final answer:

Case-control studies differ from longitudinal studies as they are typically retrospective and not a type of longitudinal design, making option a) incorrect. The other options correctly represent characteristics of case-control studies.

Explanation:

In your inquiries about the nature of case-control studies, it is important to note that they are mostly used in epidemiology to identify and examine disease outbreak correlations. The statements given are mainly accurate, but option a) 'They are a type of longitudinal design' is incorrect. A longitudinal design often follows individuals over time to monitor their disease state. However, case-control studies are typically retrospective, drawing data from the past, and comparing a group that has a disease to a group that does not. Thus, despite both study types being used in medical research, they have differentiating characteristics. Implication from the other options b) 'They can examine many potential exposures', c) 'Exposure levels may be difficult to quantify precisely', d) 'The measure of association is the odds ratio' and e) 'Exposure to a factor is determined retrospectively' are all true statements concerning case-control studies.

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